Considering:
- Solar energy systems produce DC signal -- as before any conversion to AC via diodes, inductors, transistor driven voltage regulators, etc -- as possibly before any conversion back to DC, then, as when for driving digital electronics and DC appliances
- DC electrical signals may be suitable for decentralized applications not requiring any unspecific number of long-distance electrical transmission lines
- That towards a design for a residential DC/AC parallel lines system, insofar as the DC line system, there may be an analogy found in data center architectures
Found Resources:
- Murrill Mark and B.J. Sonnenberg. "Evaluating the Opportunity for DC Power in the Data Center" Emerson. 2010
- Notes
- Modular Design
- 480 V AC mains (common)
- Step-downs to 208 V AC
- Cooling system (p. 7)
- PDUs, BDBC systems
- Topology of power distribution network
- Switched-mode power supplies may introduce harmonics of signals on AC lines (p. 6)
- Affects accumulate in neutral line
- Mechanical model: TBD
- Desultory effects:
- Power loss
- Source of heat energy within data center/components
- Related concept: Total harmonic distortion within power distribution network
- Variations in system load
- At interfaces onto three-phase AC systems: Timing/scheduling of load changes within data center, onto phases of three-phase AC system (noted, p. 6) (?) ideal, to minimize power loss and generation of heat energy
- Mechanical model: TBD (Three-phase AC)
- See also: Phase Balancing: The Last Few Inches of a High-Efficiency Power System (referenced, p. 7)
- Scheduable load changes (macro model):
- Instance: Current loads induced for battery charging within uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems
- Instance: Current loads induced due to computing loads, in application of computing resources within batch computing models
- Unschedulable load changes (macro model):
- Instance: Computing loads resulting of direct user agent interactions
- Mitigating concern: Interactive network services can be localized to individual data center elements
- Energy consumption
- Data center components - Digital computing
- Battery charging in UPS systems
- DC voltages
- - 48 V DC
- Commonality in PSTN telecommunications
- 400 V DC (?)
- See also: A corresponding study by Intel, referenced at p. 6 of study
- Pratt, Annabelle et al. “Evaluation of 400 VDC Distribution in Telco and Data Centers to Improve Energy Efficiency.” Intel. 2007
- Note: Commercial availability of 400 V DC systems, referenced at p. 6 of study
- Question: Maintenance safety for components in 400 V DC systems ?
- Safety and standards
- SELV [IEC/UL 60950]
- IEC 60950-1 and IEC 60065: Superseded/Updated by IEC 62368-1
- See also: Compliance Today. FAQs Regarding IEC 62368-1, the Replacement for IEC 60950-1 & IEC 60065
- See also: Wikipedia. Extra-low voltage
Resources at a beginning of this research arc:
- News article Worlds Largest Solar Plant Goes Online Using 9 Million Solar Panels
- A large scale, grid-centric solar energy system recently developed by PG&E
- Concepts towards applicability (residential energy systems):
- Concept: DC motors
- (TBD)
- Industrial applications
- ShurFlo DC centrifugal pump, from ShuFlo industrial
- Possible applications in decentralized solar/battery systems for agriculture, industry, and recreational maritime systems
- Residential/Utility applications
- Battery-operated/cordless home utility equipment and construction tools
- Concept: DC appliances
- (TBD)
- Common:
- Residential air conditioning and heating systems
- Consdenser and motor in air conditioning systems
- Heating coils
- Swamp coolers (humidity)
- Residential air circulation (e.g. ceiling fans)
- Food refrigeration
- Lighting appliances
- Filaments (AC lighting)
- "Warmth" of lighting model
- Concept: DC power supplies within/for home entertainment systems
- Video
- Audio
- (TBD)
- Previous article in solar electrical series, here at my DSP42 web log
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